Tabbatar da Kualitin Tushen: Hanyoyin Tabba Na Tushen NVH

A cikin sauda na tsari na ma'agidin gini, takai da sauda mai yawa na takaddun, tushen tushen ba kawai ya kamata yadda ake amfani da sauki da kuma tuntu buta kuma kualitin NVH mai yawa (Noise, Vibration, Harshness). Tsawon NVH ya dace yin halin maimakon da sauti na amfani, kuma ya dace yin halin biyan kiyaye da sauti na uwar kama da fahimtin alama mai amfani. Wannan makala zai nuna maku hanyoyin tabbatar da sauti, abubuwan da ke nufin kuma hanyoyin iyakawa da sauti na tushen NVH.

1. Mahimmancin NVH a cikin Tushen

A matsayin ƙarƙashin takaddun, kowane ƙarin ƙasa da ba daidaito, ƙarin tushen, ko ƙarin abu na ginya zai iya canzawa zuwa asali na gudurɗu da kuma kwarai a matsayin jilicin. Don takaddun na ita ce, gudurɗu mai girma ya samu tacewar shirin maza da kuma yake ƙawarin gudun abubuwa kamar yausen da kuma takadduna, don haka yake kara maituna tsawon rawar gudun abu. A cikin ba tashen abu da kuma tsarin ƙarƙashin, tare da NVH mai ilmin kwarai da kuma taka muhimmi, zamu iya samun abubuwan biyu da suka gudura da kuma tacewar rawar gudun abu.

Gudurɗu da kwarar da ke cikin takaddun yake fitowa zuwa abubuwan daban na ita ta amfani da alamar juyawa. Wani asali na gudurɗu shine tsarin ƙarƙashin, kuma abubuwan da ke canzawa suna da: takaddun-shafin-yausi-takaddun da kuma takaddun-zamani-takaddun.

2. Abubuwan da suka gudura da kwarar na takaddun

Matsayin Tushen da Kwarar na Helix: Gudurɗun jilicin da ke cikin wadannan kwarar suna iya ninki gudurɗun kwarar da ke cikin jilicin, kuma yana haifar da ƙarin kwarar.

Ƙimar Ƙarƙashin Ƙasa na Ginya: Yana daya daga cikin abubuwa da ke kafa halin tushen da ke kara kwararun yawa.

Kuskurewar Ƙarfe da Ƙwararun Kuskurewa: Waɗannan suna iya kawo ƙarfin da ba ta yaya a cikin alamar tushen, kuma yana kara kwararun da ke repeat.

Tadaidaitan Kwamiti na Ƙwararwa: Lokacin da ya dace kwamitin tushen ginya da kwamitin ƙwararwar na tantanin, shafin ko abin da ke jiran, kwararwa zai zama babba.

3. Hanyoyin Gyara Kwararwar na Ginya

3.1 Gyara Kwamitin Kwara

Amfani da microphones na yanayin gaba don gyara darasin kwara (dB) na gearbox bayanin aikin.

Talanta kwamitin kwara zai iya nuna abubuwan da ke kara kwararwa.

Zai buƙatar yi gyara a cikin camera ta anechoic ko yanayin semi-anechoic don zinza daga kwararwar yanayin.

Misali, a cikin gyarar kwara na tram, an amfani da saiten microphones don nemo abubuwan da ke kara kwararwa a cikin abubuwan karkashin tram, tsibirin bogie, da abubuwan wheel-set. Yanayin kwara ke ƙaddamar da gearbox, tsibirin bogie, etc.

3.2 Tafsirin na Kibiyar

Amfani da abubuwan ganiyar kibiyar (triaxial accelerometers) don shigawa kibiyar a cikin farko-farko na gear box.

A karkashin tafsirin FFT (Fast Fourier Transform), yi canwasa kibiyar zuwa spectrograms don nemo amfani na farko mai kuskurewa.

Zai iya wasu tafsiri don tashar farko na gear meshing daga kibiyar na farko-farko masu ƙarfi.

Za a iya nuna spectrum na farko don nuna girman farko, sannan kamar 1x Gear, 1x Pinion, 1xGMF (Gear Meshing Frequency), 2xGMF, 3xGMF, da dai sa. A cikin cakken guda (spur gears), kibiyar radial yana da zurfi, amma a cikin helical gears, kibiyar axial yana da zurfi.

3.3 Testin Kershin Kariya

Amfani da abubuwan ukwana na kershin kariya (saboda Taylor Hobson Talysurf) don ukwana alama-biyan kamar Ra da Rz na guda.

Kershin kariya mai zurfi babu shi ne ya kashe tafiyar, amma kuma ya kashe kibiyar guda.

Don hanyar takarda na uku, yake so ne a sake amfani da Ra ≤ 0.4 μm don kara wucewa da alhurwa na uku.

4. NVH Optimization Strategies

4.1 Modifikason Yanar Gidan

Matsaka da Kulumai: Tura matsar da ke cikin kulumai na takarda.

Kara Matsaka: Kama da takaici na load a cikin hanyar takarda. Ita ce ta amfani da saitin gudun, zai iya kara matsar da ke cikin takarda, kuma ta yin taya da alhurwa.

Akwaye ne cewa akwaye masu iya zanen, kamar hanyar takarda na double-crowned helical masu da alhurwa daban-daban (secondary, quartic, da kuma sextic parabolas), takarda na contour crowning masu da zaune kamar takaici na tsere da kuma farawa na matsaka, shi. Zanen da daban-baban suna da zanen da daban-daban a cikin takarda.

4.2 Maimaitawa da Tushen Yanar

Yi amfani da saitin gudun, takalmawa ko tura da tura don kara matsar da ke cikin yanar

Shin gama ɗan taimako na rolling strengthening, ba zan yi pelu Ra zan yi kuma inganta cima na saitin gama mai taimako.

Honing ita ce ta hanyar gama. A cikin ongolon honing, an saita honing tool (internal gear na ceramic abrasiyon, misali alumina, da helix angle doguwa) zuwa wani gear. A cikin amfani, hanyar gama na saitin gear ta zama kamar hanyar gama a cikin actual gear meshing.

4.3 Iyaka na Uku da Ingantaccen Asali

Yin dynamic balance test zuwa gears da shafting don kuskyawa mai zuwa.

Gudanar da radial runout (Fr) da axial runout (Fa) a cikin asali don gudanar da sauyawa na saitin bebe.

5. Matsayi da Zaɓi na Test

Matsayi duniya da matsayi na asali suna da zaɓi mai sauri zuwa gear NVH performance:

ISO 1328: Yana nufin ingantaccen gear da saitin kuskuya.

ISO 8579: Yana tafiya zuwa gear transmission noise measurement.

ISO 10816: Yana kovercin standadin maganin kari da kala'uwa.

Ta hanyar ƙara NVH testing a cikin kontrolon kwaliti na dukkan proses ɗin girma, zai iya amfani da kalmi da sauri na tsarin girma da yawa shine wani abin da ya fitowa.

Testing din kari na girma bai shine wani kan gaban gwamnatin kantin balle kuma ya kasance abin da ya kamata ta tsallagen proses ɗin girman girma, gudunsa da karkashin. Ta hanyar tattara alama mai sauti, tallafin kari da tallafin ƙimar roughness na surface, da ƙarin tallace-tallacen da takamaiyar gudunsa, zai iya maimaitawa kalmi da sauri na girma da karkashin sauni bai zin da kasa. Wannan bai shine wani nufin kwalitun abin da ya ke nufin rashin kwaliti mai zurfi na girman girma na zamani.