Gudun Gear da Kiyasin Tabbatarwa: Kusurin Tsarin Aiki Mai Takkewa

Time : 2025-08-13

A fannin watsa na'ura, giya ita ce "zuciya" na watsa wutar lantarki, kuma aikinta kai tsaye yana ƙayyade kwanciyar hankali, matakin amo, da rayuwar sabis na tsarin gaba ɗaya. Koyaya, kyawawan kayan aiki masu haɗuwa galibi suna fuskantar matsaloli kamar rawar jiki, amo, da gazawar da ba a daɗe ba a cikin ainihin aiki saboda kuskuren masana'antu, karkatar da shigarwa, da lalacewar roba. Fasahar gyaran kaya, a matsayin babbar mafita, ta zama babbar hanyar ƙira don tsarin watsa bayanai na zamani. Bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Masu Sarrafa Kayan Gida ta Amirka (AGMA 927-A01) ya nuna cewa zane mai mahimmanci na gyare-gyare zai iya rage girgizawar gear ta 40-60% kuma ya tsawanta rayuwar sabis ta fiye da 30%.

1. Ƙarƙashin ƙasa Me Ya Sa Ake Bukatar Gyara Gyar?

Kyakkyawan giya tare da cikakkun bayanan martaba, cikakkiyar tsananin ƙarfi, kuma babu kuskuren shigarwa zai cimma kuskuren watsawa da babu rawar jiki. Amma a gaskiya:

Kuskuren masana'antu & shigarwa : Sakamakon girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman girman
Ƙarƙashin ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar : A ƙarƙashin kaya, giya da shafts tanƙwara ko karkatar, haifar da lamba offset.
Tasirin motsa jiki : Yayin haɗuwa da cirewa, canje-canje na kwatsam a cikin yanayin tuntuɓar yana haifar da tasiri, lalata finafinan mai har ma da haifar da ƙwanƙwasawar hakori a ƙarƙashin zafin jiki mai zafi.

Wadannan dalilai suna haifar da kuskuren watsawa, suna sanya igiyoyi babban tushen amo (musamman "ƙara" a cikin gearboxes). Gyara gearta hanyar cire ƙananan kayan aiki daga hakoran hakora yana inganta halayen raga, yana magance waɗannan matsalolin.

2. Ka yi tunani a kan wannan. Nau'in Gyara Kayan aiki

Ana rarraba gyaran kaya ta hanyar jagorancinsa da manufarsa, tare da manyan nau'ikan uku da aka yi amfani da su a cikin injiniya:

Girman Gyara	Babban siffofin	Matsala
Zaɓe da ƙarfafawa da ke cikin hannu	Kurkuri, gyara matakin kankanta	Maimaita sauyin buƙata da ba daidai ba
Zaɓe da ƙarfafawa da ke cikin hannu	Zaɓe na parabola, gyara kantin hannu	Kara gyara cikin ƙarfafawa
Zaɓe mai ƙarfe	zaɓe na topology na 3D	Maimaita sauyin aiki duka

Munaniyar Na-Iya Bayanai na Wasanni

Zaɓe da ƙarfafawa da ke cikin hannu : Yana fokasin yau da tushen madaida. Madaida mai girma (ma'ana mai girma na gishin) shine wanda ke ɗauke da yawa - yana samar da girman gishin a cikin madaida don gwajin takaici na gishin a karkashin beburin, don samar da takaici mai ifarawa. Formula na yawa na madaida shine: $C_β = 0.5 × 10^{-3}b + 0.02m_n$ (wanda $b$ = tushen madaida ne a millimeters; $$m_n$$ = normal module a millimeters).
Zaɓe da ƙarfafawa da ke cikin hannu : Yana nuna madaida a yau da hennu. Yana ƙarfawa (daga karamin/karamin zuwa karamin madaida biyu/daya) da kuma ƙarfawa mai tsawa (kashi biyu na ƙarfawa mai girma). Madaida mai yawa ke amfani da ƙarfawa mai tsawa don farin daidaitu, inda madaida mai girma yana amfani da ƙarfawa mai girma.
Zaɓe mai ƙarfe : Yana gyara madaida da kuma nuna madaida. A cikin alamuran yawa kamar gearboxes na ginya, hanyar wanda yana nuna takaici, kawar da zauna, da kuma matsayin, kuma samar da alaƙa mai ifarawa daraja ta ƙarfawa kusa.

3. Manyan Principles don Gyara

Ma'aikata ƙaddamar da duba gashin manufatin guda uku:

Sabon tattara karkatarwa : Kimanta na duba ≈ tattara mai zuwa + kuskure na amfani, idan ƙarfafar tushen ya fitowa a cikin yawan bebe na gaskiya.
Sabon tattara na gaskiya : Kimanta mai zuwa zuwa na tsinkayen ≤ 1μm/ma'ana, ta zanin ƙawar da keɓaɓɓu.
Sabon tattara na tushen tattara : Kimanta mai zuwa zuwa na tushen ≥ 60%, ta zanin tattara mai zuwa zuwa.

4. Tattaunawa ta Tushen: Tattaunawa na Sabon Kimanta

Tattaunawa ta tushen tattara—wanda ke ƙarɓar alhakin mai zuwa, tattara karkatarwa, da kimantawa na ƙididdiga—yana da muhimmancin tattara sabon kimanta.

Makarantar Sabon Kimanta & Hanyoyi

Nazarin Hertz : Yana hisabin girman kwallen da zararar gaban daban, wanda ke nuna asalin zararar gaba.
Hanyoyin gyarawa na adadin :
- Hanyar rubutu: Maitu amma madauki, mai amfani don muhawar ta hanyar tatta.
- Hanyar abubuwan ƙidaya: Mai zurfiyar tsawo, mai amfani don gyara mai zurfiyar zararar gaba.
- Hanyar hanyar gaban: Mai zurfiyar tsawo don hisabin zararar gaban.
- Takaddun mai ƙanƙanta: Yana amfani da zurfiyar aiki na tsarin a cikin shagunan aiki.

Matsalar Alamar Gyara

Zararar gaban mai zurfiya (σHmax) : Direba mai saukin gaban da zurfiyar rawar gaba.
Faktor na taya na ƙarƙashin tushen (λ) : Nisbiyar tsawon da karo na tushen taya, wanda ke nuna tushen taya na kudin.
Kuskure na samar da (TE) : Babban dakin da ake buƙatu don kirkira ne ya zama da kuskure/kuskuren, wanda ke bayanin gajere na gajere.

5. Ayyukan na iya canzawa: Bamai na inganci

Bamai na inganci tare da fashin nuna irin alaƙa na iya canzawa da muke so:

Makarnan tushen ruwa (tsawon teeth 200mm) : Dangane da tushen tushen ruwa (0→30mm), ƙimar ƙarƙashin tushen an kawo daga 1250MPa zuwa 980MPa, kuma tushen gajere an kawo daga 15.2m/s² zuwa 9.5m/s².
Makarnan samar da (3.5) : Canzawar tsawon parabola an kawo tushen tushen daga 35% kuma an kawo alhurin daga 3.2dB; canzawar kurbu na daraja mai ƙarƙata an samar da tushen tushen ta 52%.
Tasho na Aerospace : An saman saƙo na ƙima daga 58% zuwa 22%, kuskurewa na tsarin daga 2.4μm zuwa 1.1μm, da kuma alƙawari na gabanin daga 2000rpm ta 68%.

6. Aikace-aikatun Inginiyar da kuma tattara

Design din saƙo ya kamata a tattauna shi ta hanyar tacewa don nemo abin da ya kamata ya fitowa:

Hanyar tacewar na ƙarƙashin : Yawan laƙa ta amfani da farshin laƙa (10-20μm madaida) a karkashin 30% na tsarin daga cikin kuma ya duba tacewar ƙarƙashin.
Tsarin tacewar na gabaɗaya : Madaida mai tsamayin yankuna (0.1μm takamaiman) da kuma mai duba farashin yankuna (1kHz takamaiman) suna iya duba tacewar gabaɗaya.

Aikace-aikacen da suka fitowa :

Matsalolin na kewayon zaɓiɓɓen : Bayan gwamnati na asama (+5μm a cikin ƙarƙashin aikar) da chamfer na hannun teeth na 30°×0.2mm suna kawo irin kewayar da aka kara 7.5dB(A) kuma aka inganta tushen aikar da 0.8%.
Makogin saman ruwa : Gwamnatin girma (40μm) da inganta kuma tushen tushen helix (β'=β+0.03°) suna inganta tushen gwamnati ta hanyar <15% kuma suna nufin yawan yin aikar da 2.3 lokaci.

Kammalawa

Gwamnatin gear bata "inganta kusa" ba ne kuma shi ne ma'adin da ke nuna tsarin fasahon da ke nuna nazarin, zuwa da kuma amfani. Abubuwan da za su faruwa don muhimmanci ne:

Adadin gwamnatin da ke da zurfi shine kamar 1.2-1.5 lokaci na gwamnatin da ke da zurfi.
Gwamnatin babba ya fi gwamnatin dogon da 30-50%.
Gwamnatin dole ne ya basu shi ne akan yawan adadin da ke da zurfi kuma ya zama da kiyasin gwamnatin da ke da zurfi.

Ta hanyar amfani da gwamnatin da kiyasin gwamnatin, zamu iya samun alhakin gwamnatin gear - ya zama irin kewayar da ke da zurfi, mai zuwa kuma mai zurfi.

Kafin : Tsarin Ƙafa Na Gudu Suna Kwatanta Kusurin Tsarin Aiki Na Tabbatarwa

Na gaba : Power and Free Conveyor Chain

Dunida Kulliyya

Bayan