Tambayar Ginya: Nema, Matakan da Aikace-aikacen Da ke Iya Gudun Tsarin

1. Fim-jiya da Matakan Tambayar Ginya Matakan Tsarin Tsara da Dangantaka sosai
Matsayin ƙwararruwa a cikin zamantakewa ya danganta da tacewarsu da yawa don samar da tattara da saukin amfani. Masu alama da suke da yawa shine ISO 1328, wani alama mai iyaka ta International Organization for Standardization wanda ke koverin tacewar gudun silindar. A Najeriya kuma AGMA 2000/2015 na American Gear Manufacturers Association yake amsa gudun na sarrafa da na otomatik. Alamar kasa ta Najeriya GB/T 10095 shine ta hanyar ISO 1328, inda alamar Jaman ta DIN 3962 zaiyi lafiya akan tacewar gurbin gudun da saukin tacewa. Duk su daban kan kala uku a cikin noma da yawa da hanyoyin lissafi, su share masu alama na uku don ganiyan tacewar gudun.
2. Masu alamar gudun
Tacewar gudun ta yi kira zuwa cikin alamar guda - kuskurewa na gudun guda - da alamar masu amfani, wanda ke nufin saukin amfani na gudun.
2.1 Alamar guda
Waɗannan tufaɗi na hisabi mai zuwa a fashen guda daya, suna buƙatar sa guda daya ya yi wani ƙarfama da guda biyu. Ƙimar pitch (fpt) ya yi la'akari da farken a cikin tooth pitch da kuma tooth pitch na nazar; kuma kusan farko a nan na iya shiga cikin jilu, alhaja, da kuma ƙarin gudun kari. Ƙimar profile (fα) ya nufi yadda tooth profile na gani ya faru da ideal involute curve, waɗannan farko na iya shiga cikin ƙarin tacewa da kuma ƙarin jilu da kuma tacewa. Don helical gears, helix deviation (fβ) shine wani abu mai muhimmancinshi ya yi la'akari da farken a cikin helix line da kuma theoretical line, kuma ƙarin farko na yi wani ƙarfama mai ƙarfi a cikin tooth surfaces, kuma yin ƙarin gudun kari. Tooth trace deviation (Fβ) shine tilt error na tooth surface a cikin tooth width, wanda ke iya shiga cikin partial loading da kuma ƙarin tooth wear. Sannan, radial runout (Fr) shine farken a cikin mahaɗɗar daidaitan radial daga axis na guda zuwa zuwa a cikin groove na tooth, wanda ke nufi eccentricity wanda ke iya shiga cikin ƙarin gudun kari.
2.2 Ƙayyadacciyar Ƙarɓi
Tolerances Ƙarɓi yana amfani don gani cewa kamar yawa babban tacewar ƙarɓi, abin da ke cikin muhimmancin kwaliti na karkashin tacewa. Ƙayyadacciya na ƙarɓi radial (Fi '') ita ce ƙarin canzawa a cikin tafiyar tsaka ta hanyar ƙarɓin daya daga cikin ƙarɓi, wanda ke nufin alamar karkashin ƙarɓi a fashewa. Ƙayyadacciya na ƙarɓi tangential (Fi ') tana nuna kuskurewa na tacewa a lokacin tacewa, wanda ke soke soke karkashin tacewa da kuma nisa na tacewa. Backlash (jn) - tsarin tushen a cikin saitin ƙarɓi da ba a amfani ba - tana nuna tayi a cikin jin tushen da nisa, ta kiran tayi a cikin maɓoyin tacewa masu kusurwa.
3. Kwalifiyar Ƙarɓi da Zabinta
3.1 Nomenklaturan Kwalifiya (sabon ISO 1328)
ISO 1328 ta rarraba sauti na takaddun cikin 13 za'uri, na 0 (sauti mai tsawon inganci) zuwa 12 (sauti mai yawa). A halin da dacewa, za'uruka wanda aka rarraba su ne a cikin amfani. Za'uruka da sauti mai inganci masu uku (0–4) ana amfani da su na wasan inganci, wasan gabanin sama, da turbin na uku, wanda suke taimakawa wucewa ta hanyar ƙarshen 35 m/s don takaddun guda uku da 70 m/s don takaddun helical. Za'uruka da sauti mai inganci (5–7) suna daidai don shagunan na mota, takaddun na machine tool spindles, da takaddun na gabanin sama, wanda suke gama wucewa na 10–20 m/s don takaddun guda uku da 15–40 m/s don takaddun helical. Za'uruka da sauti mai inganci (8–9) suna a cikin takaddun na asusun indasitun, shagunan na jihon guda, da pompu, wanda suke gama wucewa ta 2–6 m/s don takaddun guda uku da 4–10 m/s don takaddun helical. Za'uruka da sauti mai yawa (10–12) suna a cikin wasan mai yawan bebe, kamar misalan wasan gabanin guda da alaman guda, wanda suke gama wucewa ta ƙarshen 2 m/s don takaddun guda uku da 4 m/s don takaddun helical.
3.2 Dalilai don Zabin Za'uri na Inganci
Idan aka zabi darajar daidaitaccen, abin da ya kamata a san shi shine za'awar samfur: samfur mai girma (daidai 20 m/s) suna buƙata darajar 5–7, samfur mai girma (5–20 m/s) suna aiki da darajar 6–8, kuma samfur mai girma (ƙasa 5 m/s) kuna iya amfani da darajar 8–10. Abin da ya kamata a sani kuma shine ma'ajin kaya-kayan daidaitaccen: samfur mai daidaitaccen girma (darajar 0–5) suna buƙata tsari mai mahirin kama da amfani da tsarin gudanarwa da kuma gudanarwa mai mahirin, wanda ke ninki kaya-kayan, don haka maimakon buƙatar rarrabu kana iya izawa. A karshe, samfur mai haɗa da juna kana iya inyawa aiki da kaya-kayan: samfur mai haɗa zai zama darajar daya mai girma ne a cikin samfur mai haɗawa (misali, samfur mai darajar 6 mai haɗa da samfur mai darajar 7 mai haɗawa).
4. Tsarin Tolerance da Optimization
4.1 Tsarin Tolerance Calculations
Zamantakamfawa (jn) ya ke biyan karkashin tushen abubuwa da aka sanya shi ta hanyar fomula: jn = Esns₁ + Esns₂ ± Tsn, inda Esns suna iya tushen abubuwa masu ƙarfi, Esni shine tushen abubuwa masu kewaye, kuma Tsn shine tushen abubuwa. Don rigogin gajere, zamantakamfawa basu da (0.02–0.05) × m, inda m shine modulu. Don rigogin helical, zamantakamfawa na helix (fβ) dole ne ya zama ≤ 0.1 × b (indan b shine girman abubuwa) don samar da takaici na fuskantar kudin a cikin rigogin.
misalin Fassarar Tattara na 4.2
Tattaran tama da tama a cikin tattara na inganci shine waje don nuna aikin tattara. Tattaran inganci na 6 rigogin yawe zai iya amfani da: “Tama da Tama na Rigogin: ISO 6; Jimillan Tafiyar Pitch (Fp): 0.025 mm; Jimillan Tafiyar Furu (Fα): 0.012 mm; Jimillan Tafiyar Helix (Fβ): 0.015 mm; Zamantakamfawa na Tushen Abubuwa: Esns = -0.05 mm, Esni = -0.10 mm.” Wannan ƙayyade na tafsir yana nufin inza'an suwanci suna fahimtar tama da tama na tama da tama.
4.3 Mababan Ci Gaba Da Amsawa
Karyata mai yawa a cikin nisa na takaddun yana da shan kama daya daga cikin ƙima mai girma ko kuma ƙima mai kyau. Amsa shine don iyakawa da saukin ƙima da kuma nufin girma mai girma don iyakawa saitin ƙima. Murya mai kyau na ƙima yana da shan kama daya daga cikin ƙima mai girma a waje daga cikin iyaka na iyaka; iyakawa alamar takaddun da kuma nufin tushen alama zai amsa wannan abu. Kuskusin takaddun yana gudanawa lokacin da girman ƙima ta ziyada ko kuma ƙima ta ziyada, wanda zai iya amfani da saukin ƙima ko kuma nufin saitin takaddun da ba su dace ba.
5. Sakkon Kallan
Ita ce tauni na takamai shine aiki da ke taka kauye a cikin aiki, kaya da sauri. Ta hanyar zaɓar ɗayan inganci, amfani da alamomin kuskurewai kamar yanki, tsari da helix, da kuma taka amfani da tafawa, mazabar inji na iya kiyaye cewa takama su yi amfani da zaɓuwar aiki sannan kuma su kara kasa daga kaya. Hanyoyi na yin amfani da zaman zamantakewa—kamar cikin abubuwan da ke nuna ma'ana (CMMs) da kuma abubuwan da ke nuna takama—sannan kuma su ba da izinin taka amfani da takama, su ba da alaka da saurin da ke taka amfani da takama.
Wannan shine ba da farko don takama mai sauri a cikin sama ko wane babban kusurwa a cikin cin rumin, amfani da takama shine waje don gudun inji mai sauri.